Guns, Germs, and Steel

Langue : English

ISBN :
978-0-393-06922-8
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Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (subtitled A Short History of Everybody for the Last 13,000 Years in Britain) is a 1997 transdisciplinary non-fiction book by Jared Diamond. In 1998, it won the Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction and the Aventis Prize for Best Science Book. A documentary based on the book, and produced by the National Geographic Society, was broadcast on PBS in July 2005.The book attempts to explain why Eurasian and North African civilizations have survived and conquered others, while arguing against the idea that Eurasian hegemony is due to any form of Eurasian intellectual, moral, or inherent genetic superiority. Diamond argues that the gaps in power and technology between human societies originate primarily in environmental differences, which are amplified by various positive feedback loops. When cultural or genetic differences have favored Eurasians (for example, written language or the development among Eurasians of resistance to …

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Yali, un habitante de Nueva Guinea, le preguntó a Diamond por qué los europeos tenían tantos recursos y tecnologías y ellos tan pocos. Antes de leer el libro, yo tampoco tenía muy claro por qué unas sociedades se habían desarrollado mucho más que otras.

Me ha sorprendido hasta qué punto la geografía y la ecología han influido en esas diferencias. Por ejemplo, cómo la orientación este-oeste de Eurasia facilitó la expansión de cultivos, animales y tecnologías o cómo la disponibilidad de grandes mamíferos domesticables en unas regiones y no en otras acabó teniendo tanta importancia.

Tampoco me había parado a pensar en todas las consecuencias que tuvo pasar de la caza y la recolección a la agricultura. Al empezar a producir y almacenar más alimentos ya no hacía falta que todo el mundo se dedicara a conseguir comida. Algunas personas podían dedicarse a otros oficios y las sociedades …

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